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Compare El Salvador (2001) - Libya (2001)

Compare El Salvador (2001) z Libya (2001)

 El Salvador (2001)Libya (2001)
 El SalvadorLibya
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.68% (male 1,198,623; female 1,151,584)

15-64 years:
57.27% (male 1,693,865; female 1,878,254)

65 years and over:
5.05% (male 142,345; female 172,991) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
35.41% (male 947,645; female 907,854)

15-64 years:
60.64% (male 1,645,085; female 1,533,066)

65 years and over:
3.95% (male 101,701; female 105,248) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports 83 (2000 est.) 136 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
58

over 3,047 m:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
79

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
62 (2000 est.)
total:
78

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
40

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
Area total:
21,040 sq km

land:
20,720 sq km

water:
320 sq km
total:
1,759,540 sq km

land:
1,759,540 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly larger than Alaska
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost the lives of some 75,000 people, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 28.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$6.85 billion

expenditures:
$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital San Salvador Tripoli
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 307 km 1,770 km
Constitution 23 December 1983 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of El Salvador

conventional short form:
El Salvador

local long form:
Republica de El Salvador

local short form:
El Salvador
conventional long form:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

conventional short form:
Libya

local long form:
Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form:
none
Currency Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD) Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (2000 est.) $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rose M. LIKINS

embassy:
Boulevard Santa Elena Final, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador

mailing address:
Unit 3116, APO AA 34023

telephone:
[503] 278-4444

FAX:
[503] 278-6011
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez

chancery:
2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9671

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Boston
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger and also a part of southeastern Algeria
Economic aid - recipient total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.) $8.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview El Salvador is a struggling Central American economy which has been suffering from a weak tax collection system, factory closings, the aftermaths of Hurricane Mitch of 1998 and the devastating earthquakes of early 2001, and weak world coffee prices. On the bright side, in recent years inflation has fallen to single digit levels, and total exports have grown substantially. The trade deficit has been offset by remittances (an estimated $1.6 billion in 2000) from Salvadorans living abroad and by external aid. As of 1 January 2001, the US dollar was made legal tender alongside the colon. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. In this statist society, import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. Following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999, Libya has been trying to increase its attractiveness to foreign investors, and several foreign companies have visited in search of contracts.
Electricity - consumption 3.638 billion kWh (1999) 17.577 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 208 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 460 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3.641 billion kWh (1999) 18.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
45.65%

hydro:
41.01%

nuclear:
0%

other:
13.34% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point:
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes; Hurricane Mitch damage desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to:
Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9% Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.5101 (January 2001), 0.5081 (2000), 0.4616 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996)

note:
Libya currently has two rates for foreign trade; one for government operations and foreign companies and one for Libyan individuals (0.45 dinars per US dollar in December 1998)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Francisco FLORES Perez (since 1 June 1999); Vice President Carlos QUINTANILLA Schmidt (since 1 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
cabinet selected by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
Francisco FLORES Perez elected president; percent of vote - Francisco FLORES (ARENA) 52%, Facundo GUARDADO (FMLN) 29%, Ruben ZAMORA (CDU) 7.5%, other (no individual above 3%) 11.5%
chief of state:
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state

head of government:
Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet:
General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress

elections:
national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity crude oil, refined petroleum products
Exports - partners US 63%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 7%, Costa Rica 4% (1999) Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP purchasing power parity - $24 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $45.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
12%

industry:
28%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
7%

industry:
47%

services:
46% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 6.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea -
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
10,029 km

paved:
1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)

unpaved:
8,043 km (1997)
total:
24,484 km

paved:
6,800 km

unpaved:
17,684 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
38.3% (1995)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic drug abuse on the rise -
Imports $4.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Imports - partners US 52%, Guatemala 9%, Mexico 6%, Costa Rica 3% (1999) Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South Korea 5% (1999)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 28.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 18.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (1993 est.) 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) Supreme Court
Labor force 2.35 million (1999) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.) services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
545 km

border countries:
Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total:
4,383 km

border countries:
Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land:
27%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
29%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
31% (1993 est.)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population:
70.03 years

male:
66.43 years

female:
73.81 years (2001 est.)
total population:
75.65 years

male:
73.53 years

female:
77.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 10 and over can read and write

total population:
71.5%

male:
73.5%

female:
69.8% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
76.2%

male:
87.9%

female:
63% (1995 est.)
Location Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea:
200 NM
territorial sea:
12 NM

note:
Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY99) $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) 3.9% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,464,898 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
929,263 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
866,012 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
68,103 (2001 est.)
males:
61,694 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun:
Salvadoran(s)

adjective:
Salvadoran
noun:
Libyan(s)

adjective:
Libyan
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate -3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Democratic Convergence or CD (includes PSD, MNR, MPSC) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Fabio CASTILLO]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Walter ARAUJO]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president] none
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 6,237,662 (July 2001 est.) 5,240,599

note:
includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.85% (2001 est.) 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios 2.75 million (1997) 1.35 million (1997)
Railways total:
562 km

narrow gauge:
562 km 0.914-m gauge

note:
length of route which is operational is reduced to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintainance (2001)
note:
Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Religions Roman Catholic 86%

note:
there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.97 male(s)/female

total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment:
telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996

domestic:
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 380,000 (1998) 380,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,163 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2000 est.) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable none
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